本研究通过角分辨光电子能谱（ARPES）对无限层镍酸盐超导体 La0.8Ca0.2NiO2 及其母体 LaNiO2 薄膜的低能电子结构进行测量，利用改进的表面处理工艺首次在该体系中分辨出清晰的准粒子峰。在 La0.8Ca0.2NiO2 中，电子自能虚部与能量呈近似线性关系，其斜率从 (π/2, π/2) 到 (π, 0) 方向逐渐增大，显示出动量依赖的边际费米液体样散射特征。两种薄膜均表现出从对角线方向向反节点区域逐步抑制的低能谱权重，母体中的抑制更强，然而整个费米面上始终保留有限的费米能级谱权重，未见到能带前沿位移或背弯现象，表明不存在铜氧化物中典型的赝能隙。这些结果表明，动量选择性关联和边际费米液体样散射可以在无可检测赝能隙的情况下发生，为甄别高温超导正常态所必需的电子要素提供了关键基准，并暗示赝能隙并非必需，电荷转移能级和掺杂载流子轨道特征可能起着决定性作用。
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该研究通过高压高温拉曼光谱和同步辐射红外反射光谱，系统研究了双层镍氧化物La₃Ni₂O₇在压力与温度下的结构相变与电子性质演变。拉曼测量证实了压力驱动的结构相变（从倾斜的Amam相到无倾斜的Fmmm或I4/mmm相），并观察到Fano线型出现，表明电子-声子耦合增强。高温数据揭示了该相变在常压下存在544 K的上限温度，完善了温压相图。红外反射率测量显示，相变伴随载流子密度提升近两个数量级，标志着从不良金属到良金属的交叉。实验建立了结构相变与电子性质强耦合的统一图像，超导性在约6-7 GPa处与无倾斜相的出现紧密相关，但高对称性与金属性本身不足以诱发超导，可能还需考虑密度波涨落等强电子关联效应。
The recent discovery of superconductivity in La3Ni2O7–δ with a transition temperature Tc close to 80 K at high pressures has attracted significant attention, due particularly to a possible density wave (DW) transition occurring near the superconducting dome. Identifying the type of DW order is crucial for understanding the origin of superconductivity in this system. However, owing to the presence of La4Ni3O10 and other intergrowth phases in La3Ni2O7–δ samples, extracting the intrinsic information from the La3Ni2O7 phase is challenging. In this study, we employed 139La nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) measurements to eliminate the influence of other structural phases in the sample and obtain microscopic insights into the DW transition in La3Ni2O7–δ. Below the DW transition temperature TDW ∼ 153 K, we observe a distinct splitting in the ±5/2 ↔ ±7/2 transition of the NQR resonance peak at the La(2) site, while only a line broadening is seen in the ±3/2 ↔ ±5/2 transition peak. Through further analysis of the spectra, we show that the line splitting is due to a unidirectional charge modulation. A magnetic line broadening is also observed below TDW, accompanied by a large enhancement of the spin-lattice relaxation rate, indicating the formation of magnetically ordered moments in the DW state. Our results suggest a simultaneous formation of charge- and spin-density wave orders in La3Ni2O7–δ, thereby offering critical insights into the electronic correlations in Ni-based superconductors.
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We report a 139La-NMR study of polycrystalline samples of multi(n)-layered nickelates, La3Ni2O7−δ (n = 2) and La4Ni3O10−δ (n = 3), at ambient pressure. Measurements of the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and nuclear spin relaxation rate (1/T1) indicate the emergence of a density wave order with a gap below T* ∼ 150 K for La3Ni2O7−δ and ∼130 K for La4Ni3O10−δ. The finite value of 1/T1 below T* indicates metallic ground states with the remaining density of states at the Fermi level (EF) under the density wave order. These features are attributed to multiple d electron bands with different characteristics. Above T*, the gradual decrease in 1/T1T upon cooling implies the presence of a band with flat dispersion near EF. From our microscopic probes, we point out that these nickelates (n = 2 and 3) possess similar electronic states despite the difference in the formal valence of the Ni d electron states, which provides a basis for understanding the novel high-Tc superconductivity under high pressures.
该研究通过结合线性太赫兹时域光谱与三阶谐波产生技术，系统探测了压缩应变(La,Pr)₃Ni₂O₇薄膜的超导配对对称性及正常态赝能隙。线性太赫兹光谱观测到超导转变温度以下低频谱权重的显著抑制，伴随弱相干峰以及趋近零温时仍存在的较大剩余电导，与无序s±波配对图像一致。非线性三阶谐波信号在进入超导态后急剧增强，但其响应在超导转变温度以上持续存在，并在约100K处出现扭折，结合角分辨光电子能谱在同类薄膜中观测到的类似温度尺度，将其归因于正常态赝能隙。研究确立了(La,Pr)₃Ni₂O₇为具有s±波类配对的体超导体，且该超导态与另一有序态共存并可能相互竞争，为探索超越铜基和铁基的非常规超导机制提供了新平台。
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